INDEX / DIRECTORY / TRIPADVISOR / V-DIG

Tripadvisor V-DIG

DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE AUDIT UPDATED 2026-05-21
V-DIG Score 1.07 /10 D Tripadvisor — BDS-1000 229
V-DIG 1.07

Evidence-only forensic audit. Scoring happens downstream — see the main dossier for the composite assessment.

V-DIG Domain Audit — TripAdvisor, Inc.

Audit Phase: V-DIG (Digital Forensics — Technology Supply Chain) Target: TripAdvisor, Inc. Audit Date: 2026-05-01 Methodology Note: All findings are derived exclusively from the research memos compiled from training-data knowledge (coverage through 2026-04) and publicly accessible corporate disclosures. Where public evidence is absent, that conclusion is stated explicitly. This audit does not assign scores, tiers, or domain ratings.

Enterprise Technology Stack & Vendor Relationships

General Stack

TripAdvisor’s SEC filings for fiscal years 2021, 2022, and 2023 address technology risk only at a generic level, referring to reliance on “third-party technology providers” without naming specific vendors 12. Following the Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings / TripAdvisor take-private transaction completed in or around mid-2024, TripAdvisor’s obligations to file 10-K, proxy, and 8-K reports with the SEC ceased or were significantly curtailed, materially reducing the public evidence base for vendor-level disclosures going forward 34. The 2024 annual report (if filed) represents the last reliable public disclosure anchor for the post-merger period 5. This disclosure pattern means vendor-level stack composition must be triangulated from secondary sources such as engineering blog posts, Stackshare profiles, and BuiltWith technographic data.

From these secondary sources, TripAdvisor’s confirmed or strongly indicated technology stack includes:

All confirmed principal vendors are US-domiciled or US-headquartered entities. None of the above are identified as Israeli-origin companies.

Israeli-Origin Cybersecurity Vendors

The research memo assessed eight Israeli-origin or Israeli-founded enterprise software vendors against available public evidence of a TripAdvisor customer relationship. In every case, no verified relationship was identified:

Advertising Technology Sub-Vendors

TripAdvisor’s cookie policy and privacy policy disclose the use of third-party advertising measurement, audience analytics, and retargeting tools 1819. Programmatic and header-bidding infrastructure involves numerous sub-vendors not individually named in public disclosures. The Similarweb and ZoomInfo technographic profiles confirm reliance on Google Ads and Adobe ecosystems 920. No sub-vendor in TripAdvisor’s advertising technology stack has been identified as Israeli-origin based on available evidence, though this layer is noted as an auditable gap given the opacity of programmatic sub-contracting chains. Programmatic advertising sub-vendors serving Israeli-IP users may include Israeli-origin adtech firms; this layer remains non-auditable from public sources alone.

Procurement & Systems Integrators

No major IT outsourcing, digital transformation consultancy, or managed security service provider (MSSP) engagement by TripAdvisor that references Israeli-origin technology deployment has been identified in any public record 121. No public evidence identified.

Key Evidence Gaps

TripAdvisor does not publicly disclose its endpoint security, SIEM, network monitoring, or privileged access management vendor stack. If Israeli-origin security tools are deployed as part of a bundled MSSP arrangement (e.g., via a US-headquartered MSSP reselling CyberArk or SentinelOne), this would not surface in any public disclosure. The absence of named Israeli-origin vendors in public sources reflects the limits of public-domain corporate transparency rather than a confirmed vendor-exclusion position. The 2024 take-private further reduces future public disclosure obligations, making this gap structural and likely permanent absent investigative access.

Surveillance, Biometrics & Retail Technology

Business Model Context

TripAdvisor operates exclusively as an online travel review, recommendation, and booking platform. It does not operate physical retail locations, warehouses, distribution centres, fulfillment infrastructure, or consumer-facing physical spaces of the type that would typically deploy facial recognition, gait analysis, shelf-analytics, or physical access control technologies. This structural characteristic substantially constrains the plausibility of any retail or physical surveillance technology relationship.

Facial Recognition & Biometrics

The following Israeli-origin surveillance and biometrics vendors were assessed for any TripAdvisor relationship. In every case, no verified connection was found, and the commercial application domain of each vendor does not align with TripAdvisor’s business model:

Predictive Analytics & Workforce Monitoring

TripAdvisor’s privacy policy and cookie disclosure confirm use of third-party analytics and advertising measurement tools 1819. None of the disclosed or identifiable tools have been identified as Israeli-origin predictive policing, sentiment analysis, or workforce surveillance products. No public evidence identified.

Third-Party Bundled Deployment

No evidence has been identified that Israeli-origin surveillance or biometric technology reaches TripAdvisor indirectly via managed security services, bundled enterprise suites, or cloud-native security offerings 820. No public evidence identified.

Cloud Infrastructure, Data Residency & Sovereign Cloud Participation

Cloud Provider Relationships

TripAdvisor uses AWS as its primary cloud provider and Google Cloud Platform in a secondary or supplementary capacity, as documented in engineering blog posts and Stackshare 67. Both AWS and Google Cloud are US-incorporated entities. TripAdvisor is a cloud customer — it is not a cloud infrastructure provider or reseller.

Project Nimbus

Project Nimbus is a Government of Israel cloud infrastructure contract awarded jointly to Google Cloud and AWS in 2021, valued at approximately $1.2 billion 2324. TripAdvisor cannot be a Project Nimbus contractor or subcontractor in the infrastructure sense, as it is a consumer internet company, not a cloud infrastructure provider. No evidence has been identified that TripAdvisor’s use of AWS or GCP involves any sub-arrangement, data residency agreement, or service contract specifically tied to Israeli government cloud initiatives or Project Nimbus workloads. No public evidence identified.

AWS Israel (Tel Aviv) Region

AWS launched its Israel (Tel Aviv) cloud region in August 2023 25. No public evidence has been identified that TripAdvisor routes, processes, or stores user data in the AWS Israel (Tel Aviv) region. TripAdvisor has no identified Israeli customer segment requiring in-country data residency and no identified Israeli legal entity, meaning there is no identified commercial driver for Israel-region deployment — however, this has not been affirmatively confirmed in any public disclosure. No public evidence identified; gap confirmed as auditable.

Data Centre Operations in Israel

TripAdvisor’s 10-K filings for 2021, 2022, and 2023 disclose principal office locations — including Needham, MA (headquarters), UK, Australia, and Singapore — with no mention of data centre operations, colocation facilities, or server infrastructure within Israel 12. No public evidence identified.

Data Storage and Processing Infrastructure

Based on training-data knowledge, TripAdvisor’s primary cloud footprint runs on AWS US regions and GCP, with no confirmed Israeli-region deployment. Akamai Technologies (US) serves as CDN 7. Akamai operates points of presence globally including within Israel as part of standard CDN operations; static content (images, JavaScript, CSS) served to Israeli-IP users would transit Akamai PoPs in or near Israel as a function of CDN geography. This is a standard CDN operational characteristic shared by virtually all global consumer internet companies and does not constitute directed data storage or processing in Israeli jurisdiction. No Israeli-based engineering team has been identified, meaning no structural pathway for Israeli-jurisdiction access to TripAdvisor’s core user data via R&D staff exists based on available evidence 1813.

Israeli Jurisdiction Data Exposure Assessment

TripAdvisor collects substantial user data including identity data, location data, behavioural data, payment data, communications data, and device/technical data, as disclosed in its privacy policy 18[^49]. Israeli residents who use TripAdvisor generate behavioural and identity data processed by TripAdvisor’s US/AWS infrastructure, not through a dedicated Israeli data centre. Under Israeli law (including the Privacy Protection Law 5741-1981, as amended, overseen by the Israel Privacy Protection Authority), Israeli authorities could theoretically compel disclosure of data relating to Israeli-resident users if TripAdvisor’s legal entity has Israeli presence 26. TripAdvisor’s disclosed Israeli legal presence is limited: no Israeli subsidiary, Israeli data centre, or Israeli-law data processing agreement has been identified in public disclosures. The primary legal exposure for Israeli-resident user data would arise through US law (via AWS/GCP as US-jurisdiction cloud providers), not Israeli jurisdiction directly. No Israeli-jurisdiction data compulsion pathway identified in public evidence.

TripAdvisor is also accessible in the West Bank and Gaza. No evidence of directed processing, routing, or storage of Palestinian-territory user data within Israeli-controlled infrastructure has been identified. No public evidence identified.

Sovereign Cloud & B2G Cloud Services

TripAdvisor does not provide cloud sovereignty, data residency brokering, or infrastructure resilience services to any government entity. It is a consumer-facing travel platform with no business-to-government (B2G) cloud infrastructure offering. No public evidence identified 12.

Defence, Intelligence & Security Sector Technology Relationships

Military & Intelligence Contracts

No verified contracts, partnerships, service agreements, or technology licensing arrangements between TripAdvisor and any Israeli state security body — including the Israeli Ministry of Defence, Israel Defence Forces (IDF), Shin Bet (ISA), Mossad, or Israeli national police — have been identified in any public source reviewed, including SEC filings, press releases, or civil society databases 122127. No public evidence identified.

Dual-Use Technology Provision

No public reporting, government filing, academic research, or NGO investigation has identified TripAdvisor’s commercial technology as having been deployed for military, intelligence, or law enforcement surveillance applications within Israel or the occupied Palestinian territories 2829. TripAdvisor’s core commercial products — travel review aggregation, personalised recommendations, booking facilitation, and digital advertising — have no architecturally dual-use character in the defence or intelligence sense. No public evidence identified.

Offensive Cyber & Weapons Technology

TripAdvisor has no known offensive cyber capability, zero-day exploit research function, or digital weapons development programme. Its business domain has no structural overlap with offensive cyber, weapons systems integration, or defence prime contracting. No export control filings, State Department licensing records, or Commerce Department BIS actions related to TripAdvisor technology exports to Israeli defence entities have been identified 227. No public evidence identified.

Constructive Notice — Post-19 July 2024 (ICJ Advisory Opinion)

The International Court of Justice issued its Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences of the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem on 19 July 2024. No identified TripAdvisor activity — technology vendor relationships, Israeli R&D operations, or defence contracts — documented in this audit has a character that would require a constructive-notice continuation analysis against this Opinion. The absence of an identified underlying nexus means the constructive notice rubric has no identified predicate act to assess in the technology supply chain domain. No TripAdvisor corporate statement, policy change, or public communication specifically addressing the ICJ Advisory Opinion has been identified in public sources through training-data cutoff 21. No public evidence identified of policy response.

Constructive Notice — Post-21 November 2024 (ICC Arrest Warrants)

The International Criminal Court issued arrest warrants for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and former Defence Minister Yoav Gallant on 21 November 2024. No TripAdvisor corporate statement, policy change, or public communication specifically addressing the ICC arrest warrants has been identified. No identified TripAdvisor technology relationship with Israeli state entities exists that would trigger a constructive-notice continuation analysis in this section. No public evidence identified.

AI, Algorithmic & Autonomous Systems

Internal AI/ML Applications

TripAdvisor has publicly described machine learning applications in its engineering blog and public communications, including 6:

None of these applications are described as involving the provision of AI capabilities or model outputs to Israeli or any other state body. All disclosed AI/ML applications are directed at consumer-facing product functions within TripAdvisor’s owned platforms. No public evidence identified of state-directed AI provision.

Training Data Sourcing

No public reporting has identified TripAdvisor AI models as having been trained on surveillance-derived datasets, intercepted communications, population registers, or data sourced from military or intelligence operations in Israel or the occupied Palestinian territories 2930. No public evidence identified.

Autonomous & Lethal Systems

TripAdvisor develops no autonomous targeting, fire-control, kill-chain decision support, or lethal autonomous weapon systems. This finding is structurally definitive given the company’s consumer travel focus. No public evidence identified.

Algorithmic Accountability

No regulatory investigation, academic publication, or civil society report specifically addressing TripAdvisor’s algorithmic systems in the context of human rights or militarised surveillance has been identified 30. The UN Special Rapporteur’s report A/HRC/59/23 (Albanese, 2025), which addresses AI and algorithmic systems in its technology-sector sections with reference to entities including Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Palantir in the context of Israeli military targeting infrastructure, does not name TripAdvisor 31. No public evidence identified.

Technology Ecosystem & R&D Footprint

Office & R&D Locations

TripAdvisor’s publicly disclosed engineering and R&D locations, derived from careers pages, LinkedIn presence, and 10-K filings, include: Needham, MA (headquarters); New York; London; Singapore; and Sydney 118. No R&D centre, engineering office, innovation lab, accelerator programme, or co-development arrangement within Israel is disclosed in any public corporate record reviewed 1813. No public evidence identified.

The memo notes that TripAdvisor’s then-parent entity, Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings (NASDAQ: LTRPA), also has no publicly disclosed Israeli R&D presence linked to TripAdvisor operations, though Liberty Media’s broader technology investment portfolio is not comprehensively auditable from public sources alone 27.

Acquisitions & Investments

TripAdvisor’s M&A history, as documented in Crunchbase and confirmed in 10-K disclosures spanning 2011–2023, includes the following principal acquisitions 132:

No acquisitions of Israeli-origin technology companies are present in TripAdvisor’s documented M&A history 321. No public evidence identified.

No strategic minority investments in Israeli technology startups, Israeli venture capital funds, or Israel-linked accelerator programmes are disclosed in TripAdvisor’s public filings or investor relations materials. No public evidence identified.

Controlling Principals — Israeli Technology Investments

Stephen Kaufer (Co-founder, CEO 2000–2022; Board Member): No public record identifies Kaufer as a named investor, board member, or limited partner in any Israeli cyber, surveillance, AI, or SIGINT firm — including Unit 8200-alumni firms, NSO Group, Cellebrite, Carbyne, AnyVision/Oosto, Wiz, Palantir, Check Point, SentinelOne, Verint, NICE, or comparable entities 33. No public evidence identified. (Confidence: medium-low; Kaufer’s personal investment portfolio is not comprehensively disclosed in any public source reviewed.)

Matt Goldberg (CEO, appointed August 2022): No public record identifies Goldberg as a named investor, board member, or advisor in any Israeli cyber, surveillance, AI, or SIGINT firm. No prior employment at Israeli-origin technology companies has been identified 34. No public evidence identified. (Confidence: medium-low; executive personal investment portfolios are not comprehensively disclosed absent SEC Form 4 or proxy statement schedules.)

Gregory Maffei (President and CEO, Liberty Media; TripAdvisor board nominee): Maffei’s role at Liberty Media places him within the orbit of Liberty’s broader technology portfolio. No personal investment or advisory role in Israeli-origin surveillance, cyber, or AI firms has been identified in public sources 35. No public evidence identified.

John Malone (Executive Chairman, Liberty Media; controlling interest through Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings until 2024 restructuring): Malone’s publicly documented investments — via Liberty Media, Liberty Broadband, Liberty Latin America, Qurate Retail Group, Discovery/Warner Bros. Discovery, Charter Communications, and personal holdings — are predominantly in US and European media and telecom. No personal or Liberty-vehicle investment in Israeli surveillance, cyber, or SIGINT firms has been identified in public filings or major press coverage 3536. No public evidence identified. Liberty Media’s full investment portfolio, including any co-investments by Malone family offices, is not comprehensively disclosed; the channel is not fully auditable from public sources.

Additional independent directors (2023 proxy — last available public disclosure): No director has been identified in public sources as holding a board role or named investment in Israeli surveillance, cyber, or AI firms 37. No public evidence identified. Following the take-private transaction, TripAdvisor’s board composition is no longer subject to proxy statement disclosure; board membership post-2024 is therefore not auditable from public sources, representing a new structural gap.

Group Attribution — Parent and Sibling Entities

Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings, Inc. (LTRPA/LTRPB): In 2024, Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings and TripAdvisor, Inc. completed a merger/take-private transaction, collapsing the dual-entity structure. As a result, TripAdvisor, Inc. became a privately held company (or directly held subsidiary of a restructured Liberty entity), no longer separately listed on NASDAQ 34. No Israeli-origin technology vendor relationships, Israeli R&D operations, or Israeli-nexus investments have been identified at the Liberty TripAdvisor Holdings entity level in any public source. No public evidence identified.

Liberty Media Corporation (ultimate controlling entity through 2024): Liberty Media’s publicly disclosed investment portfolio includes Formula 1 (Formula One Group), SiriusXM, Atlanta Braves, and various media interests. No Israeli defence, surveillance, cyber, or AI firm investment is identified in Liberty Media’s public disclosures or major press coverage through training-data cutoff 35. No public evidence identified.

Viator, Inc. (US): No Israeli-origin technology or Israeli R&D presence identified. Viator books and sells tours and experiences globally including in Israel and potentially in occupied-territory areas marketed as Israeli tourist destinations. Settlement-area tours sold through Viator would constitute a more direct commercial nexus than passive platform listing. No specific Viator investigation by any civil society organisation has been identified in training data. No public evidence of named investigation; structural commercial nexus noted as auditable gap.

TheFork (La Fourchette SAS) (France): European operations; uses standard SaaS restaurant management tooling. TheFork operates in the Israeli market. The commercial scale of this subsidiary’s Israeli operations — including whether it lists or facilitates bookings at settlement-area establishments — has not been assessed in any identified published source. No Israeli-origin technology identified in public sources. No public evidence identified.

Bokun ehf (Iceland): Small Icelandic SaaS company acquired 2018; no Israeli-nexus identified. No public evidence identified.

Patent & Intellectual Property

TripAdvisor’s patent portfolio, filed predominantly with the USPTO, covers recommendation systems, review platform mechanics, search ranking algorithms, and travel itinerary tools 1. No co-development agreements, joint patent filings, or IP licensing arrangements with Israeli-domiciled academic or research entities — including the Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, or the Weizmann Institute of Science — have been identified in public sources. No public evidence identified.

Civil Society Scrutiny & Regulatory History

NGO & Academic Reports

Boycott, Divestment & Sanctions Campaigns

Settlement Nexus — Platform Listings

This is the area most structurally relevant to TripAdvisor’s potential settlement-economy nexus. TripAdvisor’s platform lists hotels, restaurants, tourist attractions, and experiences in the occupied West Bank, including in Israeli settlement areas (e.g., areas including Dead Sea resorts accessible from settlements, settler-operated wineries and tourism in the West Bank, and attractions in East Jerusalem). This is a factual characteristic of a global travel platform that does not geo-filter its listings by occupation status 28.

In prior years (pre-2020), civil society attention was directed at travel platforms’ listing of accommodation and attractions in Israeli settlements. Organisations including Who Profits documented Israeli settlement tourism infrastructure appearing on global booking and review platforms including TripAdvisor. TripAdvisor functions primarily as a review and discovery platform rather than as a direct booking agent for settlement accommodations (booking is often facilitated through third-party OTAs or direct hotel booking), which is relevant to any Who Profits methodology assessment of financial benefit.

For contextual reference, competitor platforms Booking.com and Airbnb attracted significant civil society pressure over settlement-area listings. In 2018–2019, Airbnb announced and then reversed a decision to remove settlement listings; Booking.com and Expedia faced sustained civil society pressure over settlement accommodation listings. TripAdvisor, as a review platform with some booking functionality rather than a primary OTA, received less direct campaign attention in the same period, though its settlement-area listing function is structurally analogous 1516.

No TripAdvisor corporate statement, policy change, or public communication specifically addressing settlement-area listing practices has been identified in public sources through training-data cutoff 21. No named civil society investigation identified; structural commercial nexus documented.

Regulatory & Legal Actions

No regulatory inquiries, export control enforcement actions, sanctions-related investigations, or legal proceedings involving TripAdvisor’s technology sales, services, or vendor relationships with Israeli state entities or settlement-linked businesses have been identified in SEC filings, EDGAR full-text searches, or public reporting 227. No public evidence identified.

Flagged Evidence Gaps

The following gaps bear noting for any further investigative work:

  1. Post-take-private disclosure reduction: Following the Liberty TripAdvisor / TripAdvisor merger/take-private completed in 2024, TripAdvisor’s obligations to file 10-K, proxy, and 8-K reports with the SEC ceased or were significantly curtailed 34. This materially and permanently reduces the public evidence base for future audit runs. Board composition, vendor relationships, and corporate structure post-2024 are no longer routinely auditable from public sources.
  2. Database currency: The Who Profits and BDS National Committee databases are updated on a continuous basis. Training-data snapshots may not reflect entries or campaign additions made after mid-2024 2838.
  3. Viator settlement-area tours: Viator’s inventory of Israel-area tours and experiences has not been audited by any identified civil society organisation for settlement-area content. This is a specific, addressable gap requiring live platform review.
  4. AWS Israel (Tel Aviv) region: Whether TripAdvisor’s AWS configuration directs any workload to the Israel (Tel Aviv) region (launched August 2023) is undisclosed in any identified public source 25.
  5. Advertising technology sub-vendors with Israeli ownership: Programmatic advertising sub-vendors serving Israeli-IP users may include Israeli-origin adtech firms. This layer remains non-auditable from public sources alone.
  6. Post-2024 board composition: Following the take-private transaction, TripAdvisor’s board composition is no longer subject to proxy statement disclosure and is therefore not auditable from public sources.
  7. TheFork/Viator Israeli market operations: The commercial scale of TheFork and Viator subsidiary operations in the Israeli market — including whether they list or facilitate bookings at settlement-area establishments — has not been assessed in any identified published source.

End Notes

Footnotes

  1. https://ir.tripadvisor.com/sec-filings/annual-reports ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  2. https://efts.sec.gov/LATEST/search-index?q=%22tripadvisor%22&forms=10-K&dateRange=custom&startdt=2021-01-01&enddt=2024-12-31 ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  3. https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&company=liberty+tripadvisor&CIK=&type=10-K&dateb=&owner=include&count=40 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  4. https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&company=liberty+tripadvisor&CIK=&type=DEF+14A&dateb=&owner=include&count=40 ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  5. https://ir.tripadvisor.com/sec-filings/annual-reports ↩

  6. https://medium.com/tripadvisor-engineering ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  7. https://stackshare.io/tripadvisor/tripadvisor ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  8. https://builtwith.com/tripadvisor.com ↩ ↩2

  9. https://www.similarweb.com/website/tripadvisor.com/ ↩ ↩2

  10. https://www.wiz.io/customers ↩

  11. https://www.sentinelone.com/customers/ ↩

  12. https://www.cyberark.com/customers/ ↩

  13. https://www.checkpoint.com/customers/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  14. https://www.verint.com/our-customers/ ↩

  15. https://www.nice.com/resources/customer-stories ↩ ↩2

  16. https://claroty.com/customers ↩ ↩2

  17. https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/customers ↩

  18. https://www.tripadvisor.com/pages/privacy.html ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6

  19. https://www.tripadvisor.com/pages/cookiedisclosure.html ↩ ↩2

  20. https://www.zoominfo.com/c/tripadvisor-inc/104555462 ↩ ↩2

  21. https://tripadvisor.mediaroom.com/press-releases ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  22. https://oosto.com/customers/ ↩

  23. https://cloud.google.com/customers#/industries=Travel+%26+Hospitality ↩

  24. https://aws.amazon.com/solutions/case-studies/travel/ ↩

  25. https://aws.amazon.com/about-aws/whats-new/2023/08/aws-israel-tel-aviv-region/ ↩ ↩2

  26. https://www.gov.il/en/departments/the_privacy_protection_authority ↩

  27. https://ir.tripadvisor.com/sec-filings/proxy-statements ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  28. https://whoprofits.org/company/tripadvisor ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  29. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/research/2021/07/forensic-methodology-report-how-to-catch-nso-groups-pegasus/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  30. https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-palestine/reports ↩ ↩2

  31. https://www.ohchr.org/en/special-procedures/sr-palestine/reports ↩ ↩2

  32. https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/tripadvisor/acquisitions ↩ ↩2

  33. https://www.linkedin.com/in/skaufer ↩

  34. https://ir.tripadvisor.com/corporate-governance/board-of-directors ↩

  35. https://ir.libertymedia.com/sec-filings/annual-reports ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  36. https://www.ohchr.org/en/hr-bodies/hrc/regular-sessions/session31/database-business-enterprises ↩ ↩2

  37. https://ir.tripadvisor.com/sec-filings/proxy-statements ↩

  38. https://bdsmovement.net/act/economic-activism/technology ↩ ↩2

  39. https://notechforapartheid.com/companies ↩

  40. https://investigate.afsc.org ↩

  41. https://dontbuyintooccupation.org/reports ↩