INDEX / DIRECTORY / NORDVPN

NordVPN

Cybersecurity & VPN 115 CITED SOURCES UPDATED 2026-07-16
BDS-1000 Score 41 /1000 E Tier E - Limited
Military ↗ 0.00 Digital ↗ 0.15 Economic ↗ 0.62 Political ↗ 0.06

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NordVPN - BDS-1000 Dossier

Key Findings

  • Economic: NordVPN’s lead institutional investor, Warburg Pincus, has a documented history of Israeli private-equity investments (Leumi Card, Personetics, Claroty, MDClone), and 2022 investor General Catalyst has separately been reported pursuing Israeli defense-tech deals, including a 2026-reported seed investment in Conntour, a Tel Aviv AI-surveillance startup founded by Israeli military veterans - an investor-level exposure, not a NordVPN corporate act.12
  • Digital: NordVPN’s roughly 20 Tel Aviv VPN server nodes are physically hosted at Bezeq International’s Bareket Data Center in Petah Tiqva via UK-based vendor DataPacket and Israeli ISP Interhost Networks - the company’s only confirmed physical technical footprint touching Israel.3
  • Political: No public statement, campaign, or crisis response by NordVPN or Nord Security addresses the Israel-Palestine conflict, in contrast to a documented, monetized public stance the company took on the Russia-Ukraine war (server withdrawal, framed as defending “online freedom,” plus a €1,022,500 founder donation to a Ukraine-support NGO).45
  • Not found: No defense contract, dual-use product, weapons-chain role, settlement operation, or organized BDS campaign against NordVPN was identified across four independent domain audits; a boycott-advisory database itself classifies NordVPN as “boycott safe,” checked against Israel’s own SIBAT defense-industry directory and the Who Profits company database, both returning zero results.678

Target Profile

FieldDetail
Company NameNordVPN (consumer/enterprise brand); corporate parent Nord Security, operating through holding entity Cyberspace B.V.
JurisdictionService-contracting entity “Nordvpn S.A.” incorporated in Panama; parent holding structure Cyberspace B.V. domiciled in the Netherlands
HeadquartersPrincipal operational and engineering base in Vilnius, Lithuania; additional offices in the United Kingdom, Panama, and the Netherlands
SectorConsumer and enterprise VPN / cybersecurity software and digital-subscription services
OwnershipPrivately held; majority founder-owned by Tomas Okmanas and Eimantas Sabaliauskas; minority institutional investors Novator Ventures (board seat since April 2022), Warburg Pincus (led September 2023 round at $3B valuation, board seat plus veto rights over IPO/sale events), Burda Principal Investments, and General Catalyst
Key Executives / GovernanceCo-founders Tomas Okmanas, Eimantas Sabaliauskas, and Jonas Karklys; General Counsel Dina Lurje; board designees Birgir Már Ragnarsson (Novator) and Chandler Reedy (Warburg Pincus); a published 16-executive leadership roster with no disclosed prior-employer, military-service, or industry-affiliation biographical detail for any individual
Israeli-Nexus SummaryNo Israeli incorporation, ownership, contracts, or operations; the sole documented nexus is (a) leased Tel Aviv server infrastructure routed through Israeli telecom/ISP infrastructure and (b) minority-investor-level exposure to Israeli private markets via Warburg Pincus and General Catalyst

Key Facts:

Executive Summary

NordVPN is a digitally delivered consumer and enterprise VPN/cybersecurity subscription service with no physical goods supply chain, no Israeli incorporation, and no identified Israeli beneficial ownership.9 Across four independently conducted domain audits - military, digital, economic, and political - the company’s own conduct shows no defense contracting relationship with Israeli state or security bodies, no militarized or dual-use product variant, no role in Israeli arms, surveillance, or infrastructure supply chains, no operational presence or settlement nexus in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, and no public statement addressing the Israel-Palestine conflict.671314

The most substantive findings that surfaced are not about NordVPN’s own conduct but about the company’s technical infrastructure and its minority investors. On the digital side, NordVPN’s roughly 20 Tel Aviv server nodes are physically racked at Bezeq International’s Bareket Data Center in Petah Tiqva, reached through UK-incorporated vendor DataPacket and Israeli ISP Interhost Networks - the company’s only confirmed physical footprint touching Israeli territory, and one that exists purely as standard leased infrastructure within NordVPN’s roughly 100-country server network rather than as a dedicated Israel-market investment.312 On the economic side, lead 2023 investor Warburg Pincus has a documented history of Israeli private-equity deals (Leumi Card, Personetics, Claroty, MDClone), and 2022 investor General Catalyst has separately been reported pursuing Israeli defense-tech investments, including a 2026-reported seed round in Conntour, a Tel Aviv AI-surveillance startup founded by Israeli military and Unit 8200 veterans.12 These are investor-of-the-target exposures, several degrees removed from any Nord Security corporate decision, and the audits explicitly flag rather than assert them as company conduct.

What is not supported by the evidence is equally material. No public evidence identified of any Israel Ministry of Defense, IDF, Mossad, or Shin Bet contract; no dual-use or militarized NordVPN product; no supply-chain relationship with Elbit Systems, Rafael, or Israel Aerospace Industries; no settlement-based reseller, franchise, or distribution relationship; no listing on the OHCHR settlement database, Who Profits, AFSC Investigate, Kairos Response’s settlement-company list, or SIBAT; and no organized BDS Movement campaign naming NordVPN.671314 A boycott-advisory site independently classifies NordVPN as “boycott safe.”8 Press reporting alleging Israeli-intelligence influence over the VPN industry names Kape Technologies (owner of ExpressVPN, CyberGhost, and Private Internet Access) rather than NordVPN.1516

On the political axis, the company’s silence on Israel-Palestine stands in contrast to a documented, monetized position it took on Russia-Ukraine: a 2019 refusal to comply with Russian content-blocking demands, framed publicly as defending “online freedom,” and a €1,022,500 personal donation by the two co-founders to a Ukraine-support NGO in 2024.45 No equivalent statement, crisis-response action, or donation addressing Gaza or the wider Israel-Palestine conflict was identified. Taken together, this evidence record - a thin, indirect digital-infrastructure footprint, an indirect and unresolved investor-level economic exposure, and negligible-to-absent military and political nexus - supports a BRS score of 41, placing NordVPN in Tier E (Minimal).

Timeline of Relevant Events

DateEvent
2012NordVPN founded in Lithuania by Tomas Okmanas and Eimantas Sabaliauskas through the Tesonet accelerator.91011
December 2016G4S divests its core Israeli security business (prisons, military checkpoints, West Bank operations) to Israeli fund FIMI for approximately $110 million, prior to any Nord Security investor relationship.1718
2016Bezeq International is named as one of seven expected bidders for the Israel Defense Ministry’s NIS 1 billion data-center consolidation tender; whether it won any portion, and whether it covers the Bareket facility used by NordVPN, is unconfirmed.19
27 March 2019Roskomnadzor demands NordVPN comply with Russian content-blocking rules; NordVPN refuses.4
1 April 2019NordVPN completes withdrawal of all Russian-based servers.420
February 2019Warburg Pincus completes a $690 million buyout of Leumi Card, an Israeli credit-card services provider.1
February 2021Warburg Pincus invests $75 million in Personetics, an Israeli AI/fintech firm.1
June 2021Claroty, an Israeli industrial-cybersecurity firm with Warburg Pincus as a listed shareholder, closes a $140 million Series D.1
2021Allied Universal, in which Warburg Pincus retained an 18% stake, acquires G4S.1721
April 2022Nord Security’s first outside-capital round: $100 million at a $1.6 billion valuation, led by Novator Ventures with General Catalyst participating; Birgir Már Ragnarsson (Novator) joins the board.222324
March 2022Warburg Pincus co-leads a $63 million round in MDClone, an Israeli synthetic health-data company.1
June 2023A residual Allied Universal/G4S contract training Israel’s national police academy is reported sold to G1 Secure Solutions (formerly G4S Israel); completion date unconfirmed.17
September 2023Warburg Pincus leads a further $100 million round at a $3 billion valuation, gaining a board seat and veto rights over major corporate events.25262728
7 October 2023Israel-Gaza war begins; no NordVPN or Nord Security public statement addressing the conflict has been identified.29
16 May 2024Co-founders Okmanas and Sabaliauskas donate €1,022,500 to Ukraine-support NGO “Blue and Yellow,” reported nomination for Lithuania’s “National Patron” title.5
2024Further Russian (Roskomnadzor) blocking of NordVPN access is reported.30
19 July 2024 / November 2024ICJ advisory opinion on the Occupied Palestinian Territories and ICC arrest warrants are issued; no subsequent NordVPN/Nord Security operational or policy change has been identified.29
November 2024Peterson v. NordVPN S.A. et al. class action filed (auto-renewal/billing practices; no Israel nexus alleged).31
January 2025Nexos.ai launched by Okmanas and Sabaliauskas as a separate company; Ofer Ben-Noon, co-founder of Israeli firm Talon Cyber Security, is listed as a personal angel investor.32
March 2025Kandeh v. NordVPN complaint filed (billing practices; no Israel nexus alleged).31
2025Nord Security announces a cybersecurity partnership with US-based CrowdStrike.33
September 2025OHCHR updates its settlement-business database (158 enterprises, 11 countries); NordVPN, Nord Security, and Tesonet remain absent.34
2025NordVPN’s nonprofit program reports 3,572 VPN accounts donated to 360+ NGOs across 68 countries.3536
March 2026General Catalyst is reported participating in a $7 million seed round for Conntour, a Tel Aviv AI-video-surveillance startup founded by Israeli military, Unit 8200, and reportedly Mossad veterans.2

Corporate Overview

NordVPN is the consumer-facing brand of Nord Security, whose group holding structure operates through Cyberspace B.V., domiciled in the Netherlands; the NordVPN service-contracting entity, “Nordvpn S.A.,” is incorporated in Panama, a jurisdiction the company has said was chosen for its data-retention and privacy-law regime.9 The group’s principal engineering and operational base is in Vilnius, Lithuania, with additional offices in the United Kingdom, Panama, and the Netherlands.9 Nord Security originated from Tesonet, a Lithuanian business incubator and holding vehicle co-founded by Tomas Okmanas, and grew through acquisitions of Clario Tech (2021) and Surfshark, merged into the group in 2022 via Cyberspace B.V.119 No public evidence identified that either acquired entity was Israeli-founded, Israeli-headquartered, or Israeli-owned, and no public evidence identified of any acquired Israeli operating company within the group.

NordVPN sells direct-to-consumer through its own website and app-store listings, with no franchise, licensee, reseller, or physical retail network - including none identified in West Bank, East Jerusalem, or Golan Heights settlements.7 Its only physical technical presence touching Israel is leased third-party server rack space in Tel Aviv, described in the Digital domain summary below; no NordVPN or Nord Security office, warehouse, sales operation, or payroll presence in Israel or the Occupied Palestinian Territories was identified.1314 The group’s disclosed institutional investors - Novator Ventures, Warburg Pincus, Burda Principal Investments, and General Catalyst - hold minority stakes; no public evidence identified of the exact percentage shareholding of Warburg Pincus or Novator Ventures, leaving the question of controlling-principal status via either investor unresolved.25

Domain Summaries

Military: Military

Mechanism of Involvement

No public evidence identified of any contract, tender, framework agreement, or memorandum of understanding between NordVPN/Nord Security and the Israel Ministry of Defense, IDF, Israel Prison Service, or Israel Border Police.6714 No public evidence identified of a militarized or tactical NordVPN/NordLayer product variant, of export-licence activity tied to Israeli defense end-users, or of any supply-chain, co-development, or technology-transfer relationship with Elbit Systems, Israel Aerospace Industries, Rafael, or IMI Systems/Elbit Land. The company’s software/subscription business model is treated as not applicable to the heavy-machinery, logistics-sustainment, and munitions/weapons-platform categories of this domain. The only identified link of any kind runs several degrees removed from Nord Security: minority investor Warburg Pincus retained an 18% stake in Allied Universal, which acquired G4S in 2021; G4S has been separately documented providing services at Israeli checkpoints prior to divesting its core Israeli security business in December 2016.171821

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

The absence finding was checked directly against Israel’s own SIBAT Defense and HLS Directory, the Who Profits company database (including a verification of that database’s entry format via a sample profile), and the AFSC Investigate corporate-accountability database - all returned zero results for NordVPN or Nord Security.673714 No NordVPN or Nord Security entry was found in the OHCHR settlement-business database, its OpenSanctions structured mirror, or the UN Special Rapporteur’s July 2025 “economy of genocide” report, though a full paragraph-by-paragraph read of the Rapporteur’s report was not completed.13383940 A boycott-advisory site classifies NordVPN as “boycott safe,” and an independent blog post canvassing “NordVPN and Israel” rumors likewise concludes no formal evidence links the company to Israel.841 The Warburg Pincus/Allied Universal/G4S chain predates the relevant divestiture and runs through an outside minority investor’s separate portfolio company; it is not documented as an act of Nord Security or its founders, and the G4S Israeli divestment itself occurred in 2016, before any Nord Security investor relationship existed.1718

Named Entities and Evidence Map

SIBAT Defense and HLS Directory (negative check); Who Profits (negative check, format-verified); AFSC Investigate (negative check); Warburg Pincus (minority investor since September 2023, “minority investment” per its own announcement, exact stake undisclosed); Allied Universal / G4S / FIMI (multi-degree-removed chain, flagged not asserted); Novator Ventures (minority investor, no identified defense-industry ties for its controlling principal).25

Digital: Digital

Mechanism of Involvement

NordVPN’s approximately 20 RAM-only Tel Aviv servers are physically housed at Bezeq International’s Bareket Data Center in Petah Tiqva, reached through UK-incorporated dedicated-server vendor DataPacket, whose Tel Aviv point of presence lists Israeli ISP Interhost Networks Ltd. as its sole upstream provider.3 Bezeq International - Israel’s largest telecom operator and a subsidiary of state-controlled Bezeq - was named as one of seven expected bidders for the Israel Defense Ministry’s 2016 data-center consolidation tender, alongside Israel Aerospace Industries, Elbit Systems, and Rafael; whether it won the tender and whether it covers the Bareket facility is unconfirmed.19 Nord Security’s co-founders separately launched Nexos.ai, an enterprise AI-orchestration company, in January 2025; Ofer Ben-Noon, co-founder of Israeli firm Talon Cyber Security (acquired by Mozilla in 2024), is listed as a personal angel investor in Nexos.ai - a natural-person investment, not a corporate relationship, and Nexos.ai is not part of Nord Security.32 Nord Security announced a 2025 cybersecurity partnership with US-based CrowdStrike integrating its Falcon platform with NordLayer.33 Tesonet, the separate Lithuanian holding vehicle co-founded by Okmanas, lists three undisclosed Israel-headquartered portfolio investments (2025–2026, in AI infrastructure, cybersecurity, and SaaS) that are not part of the Nord Security corporate structure.42

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

DataPacket Ltd. is UK-incorporated with no identified Israeli beneficial ownership.3 No evidence identified of NordVPN or Nord Security participating in Project Nimbus or any comparable Israeli government cloud initiative, and no NordVPN/Nord Security/Tefincom contract awards appear in Israeli government procurement portals.614 No verified contracts, partnerships, or offensive-cyber capabilities linking NordVPN/Nord Security to the Israel Ministry of Defence, IDF, Mossad, or Shin Bet were identified, and no evidence of facial-recognition, biometric, or retail-surveillance technology of Israeli origin in NordVPN’s product stack was found.14 NordVPN, Nord Security, and Tesonet are absent from the OHCHR settlement database, Who Profits, AFSC Investigate, and the Kairos Response settlement-company database, the last of which lists Bezeq itself, Partner Communications, HP Enterprise, and Paz Oil as settlement-linked providers but not NordVPN.13146 Two identified US class actions (Peterson v. NordVPN, filed November 2024; Kandeh v. NordVPN, March 2025) concern auto-renewal and billing practices only, with no Israeli-infrastructure or defense-relationship claims.31 NordVPN’s nonprofit program donated 3,572 VPN accounts to 360-plus NGOs across 68 countries in 2025, including Access Now, Amnesty International, and Human Rights Watch; cross-referencing recipients against Who Profits and Don’t Buy Into Occupation returned no positive matches, and no Israel-specific component of this program was identified.3536

Named Entities and Evidence Map

DataPacket Ltd. (UK vendor); Bezeq International Ltd. (Israeli state-linked telecom, data-center operator); Interhost Networks Ltd. (Israeli ISP, sole upstream provider); Nexos.ai (separate company, founders’ spinout); Ofer Ben-Noon / Talon Cyber Security (personal angel investment only); CrowdStrike (US partner); Tesonet (separate holding vehicle, undisclosed Israel-HQ portfolio investments).3323342

Economic: Economic

Mechanism of Involvement

NordVPN/Nord Security has no physical goods supply chain, no Israeli operational investment, no Israeli R&D center, and no Israeli-domiciled equity or fund holdings of its own.9 The company’s leased Tel Aviv server footprint is characterized as standard infrastructure within its global network, not an operational investment.3 The substantive economic findings concern investor-level exposure: lead 2023 investor Warburg Pincus has a documented history of Israeli private-equity investment - the $690 million Leumi Card buyout (2019), a $75 million Personetics investment (2021), a shareholding in Claroty (Series D, 2021), and co-leading a $63 million MDClone round (2022) - and 2022 investor General Catalyst is separately reported actively pursuing Israeli defense-tech investment as of 2024–2025, including a 2026-reported seed investment in Conntour, a Tel Aviv AI-video-surveillance startup founded by Israeli military, Unit 8200, and reportedly Mossad veterans.12 A multi-degree-removed chain also runs through Warburg Pincus’s stake in Allied Universal, which acquired G4S after G4S had already divested its core Israeli security business in 2016.1718

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

No public evidence identified of NordVPN/Nord Security itself holding Israeli equities, sovereign bonds, or Israel-focused fund units, of Israeli state ownership stakes or government contracts, or of the company characterizing Israel as a strategic or export market in any public communication.9 Startup Nation Central’s investor database, last updated 19 February 2025, characterizes Warburg Pincus as presently inactive in new Israeli investments, with the most recent confirmed deal dating to 2022.43 No public evidence identified of direct Israel-focused investment activity by Novator Ventures. The G4S divestiture to FIMI predates any Nord Security investor relationship by years, and the Allied Universal chain runs through an outside minority investor’s separate portfolio company rather than a Nord Security act.1718 Screening against the OHCHR settlement-business database and the PAX report on financiers of Israel-linked arms manufacturers found no listing for NordVPN, Nord Security, Warburg Pincus, General Catalyst, or Novator.1344

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Warburg Pincus (lead 2023 investor; Israeli PE history via Leumi Card, Personetics, Claroty, MDClone; reported inactive in new Israel deals since 2022); General Catalyst (2022 investor; active Israeli defense-tech pursuit, Conntour investment); Novator Ventures (2022 lead investor; no identified Israel exposure); Allied Universal / G4S / FIMI (multi-degree-removed, pre-dates relationship).1243

Political: Political

Mechanism of Involvement

No public statement by NordVPN or Nord Security specifically addressing the Israel-Palestine conflict, the 7 October 2023 attacks, or the Gaza war has been identified.29 NordVPN’s Israel server-location pages market the country as a standard listing within its roughly 100-country network rather than as an editorial or political statement.1245 NordVPN’s own blog recommends Israeli-founded cybersecurity vendors - Check Point, Wiz, and CyberArk - in a general listicle; this is editorial content about third-party products, not evidence of a partnership.29

Counter-Arguments and Evidence Limits

By contrast, the company has taken an explicit, monetized public position on the Russia-Ukraine war: it withdrew its Russian servers rather than comply with a Roskomnadzor content-filtering demand, framing the move as defending “online freedom,” and its co-founders personally donated €1,022,500 to a Ukraine-support NGO in 2024, earning a national-honor nomination.45 No equivalent statement, campaign, or crisis-asset mobilization directed at Israeli, Palestinian, or regional humanitarian actors during the Gaza war has been identified. A 1792 Exchange corporate-bias assessment dated May 2022 - predating the current war - found Nord Security did not operate a PAC or engage in lobbying or ideological-cause funding; no post-2023 lobbying-register filings were identified either way.46 No evidence identified of donations to FIDF, JNF/KKL, settlement organizations, or comparable pro-Israel advocacy bodies, nor to Palestinian humanitarian organizations, by the company or its named executives.29 Press reporting alleging Israeli-intelligence influence over the VPN industry (Press TV; MintPress News) names Kape Technologies (owner of ExpressVPN, CyberGhost, and Private Internet Access, controlled by Israeli-British businessman Teddy Sagi) specifically, and does not identify NordVPN or Nord Security as Israeli-owned or Israeli-linked.1516 A boycott-advisory database classifies NordVPN as “boycott safe.”8 Documented reporting on Gaza’s internet shutdowns (Access Now, Cloudflare, Internet Society) makes no reference to NordVPN by name.474849

Named Entities and Evidence Map

Masjid Al-Aqsa BDS list (“boycott safe” classification); Press TV / MintPress News (naming Kape Technologies, not NordVPN); 1792 Exchange (no PAC/lobbying, pre-Oct-2023 assessment); Access Now / Cloudflare / Internet Society (Gaza shutdown documentation, no NordVPN-specific data).81516474849

BDS-1000 Score (V4)

DomainIMPV-Domain Score
Military0.500.300.500.00
Digital2.501.502.000.15
Economic3.502.503.500.62
Political2.001.001.500.06

V_MAX is driven entirely by Economic, where the highest proximity score (P=3.5) reflects the closest documented factual thread - lead investor Warburg Pincus’s history of Israeli private-equity deals and 2022 investor General Catalyst’s active Israeli defense-tech pursuit - even though this thread is investor-level rather than a NordVPN corporate act, keeping Impact and Magnitude moderate rather than high. The remaining domains (Digital at 0.15, Political at 0.06, Military at 0.00) reflect progressively thinner and more indirect evidence, with Military scoring zero because no checked database or search surfaced any direct military nexus. The method applies a scale-free Impact × Magnitude/Proximity formula to evidence-only findings, human-vetted against the four domain audits, yielding the composite BRS of 41 and a Tier E (Minimal) classification.

Methodology Note

End Notes

Footnotes

  1. Warburg Pincus’s Israeli private-equity investment history (Leumi Card, 2019; Personetics, 2021; Claroty, 2021; MDClone, 2022), as documented in the Economic domain audit; original source citations not included in the audit excerpt available for this dossier. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  2. General Catalyst’s Israeli defense-tech investment activity, including a 2026-reported seed investment in Conntour, as documented in the Economic domain audit; original source citations not included in the audit excerpt available for this dossier. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  3. DataPacket Ltd.’s Tel Aviv infrastructure, the Bareket Data Center, Bezeq International Ltd., and Interhost Networks Ltd., as documented in the Digital domain audit; original source citations not included in the audit excerpt available for this dossier. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  4. https://nordvpn.com/blog/nordvpn-servers-roskomnadzor-russia/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  5. https://www.lrt.lt/en/news-in-english/19/2274373/lithuanian-entrepreneurs-nominated-for-national-patron-title-for-ukraine-support ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4

  6. https://www.sibat.mod.gov.il/Industries/directory/Pages/default.aspx ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  7. https://www.whoprofits.org/companies?search=NordVPN ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  8. https://masjidalaqsa.com/boycott-safe/nordvpn-israel-bds ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  9. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NordVPN ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8

  10. https://nordsecurity.com/about-us ↩ ↩2

  11. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesonet ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  12. https://nordvpn.com/servers/israel/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  13. https://www.ohchr.org/en/business/bhr-database ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  14. https://investigate.afsc.org/about-tool ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7 ↩8 ↩9

  15. https://www.presstv.ir/Detail/2024/09/29/734182/VPNs-have-been-taken-over-by-former-Israeli-spies ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  16. https://www.mintpressnews.com/exposed-how-israeli-spies-control-your-vpn/288259/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  17. https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/warburg-pincus-non-response-re-g4s-takeover/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5 ↩6 ↩7

  18. https://investigate.afsc.org/company/g4s ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  19. Reporting on the Israel Ministry of Defense’s NIS 1 billion data-center consolidation tender (2016) naming Bezeq International as a bidder, as documented in the Digital domain audit; original source citations not included in the audit excerpt available for this dossier. ↩ ↩2

  20. https://www.trustedreviews.com/news/nord-vpn-russia-3686974 ↩

  21. https://pestakeholder.org/news/private-equity-firms-profit-from-israels-war-on-gaza/ ↩ ↩2

  22. https://nordsecurity.com/blog/nord-security-raises-outside-capital-16-B-valuation ↩

  23. https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/nord-security-the-startup-behind-nordvpn-raises-first-ever-outside-capital-at-1-6b-valuation-301525142.html ↩

  24. https://nordic9.com/news/nord-security-raised-100-million-from-novator-general-catalyst-et-al/ ↩

  25. https://warburgpincus.com/2023/09/28/nord-security-raised-another-100m-investment-round/ ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  26. https://www.kirkland.com/news/press-release/2023/09/kirkland-advises-wp-on-investment-in-nord-security-at-a-3-billion-valuation ↩

  27. https://siliconangle.com/2023/09/28/vpn-provider-nord-security-raises-100m-3b-valuation/ ↩

  28. https://tech.eu/2023/09/28/nordvpns-parent-company-nord-security-valued-at-3b-after-latest-funding-round/ ↩

  29. No public statement, press release, or documented record addressing the Israel-Palestine conflict was located in the corporate communications and executive-footprint sections of the Political domain audit; this note marks an absence finding rather than a positive source. ↩ ↩2 ↩3 ↩4 ↩5

  30. https://cybernews.com/news/russia-blocks-nordvpn-express-vpn-and-four-other-vpn-providers/ ↩

  31. Peterson v. NordVPN S.A. et al. (D. Colo., filed November 2024) and Kandeh v. NordVPN (March 2025) class-action filings, as documented in the Digital domain audit; original source citations not included in the audit excerpt available for this dossier. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  32. Nexos.ai launch coverage and Ofer Ben-Noon’s angel investment in Nexos.ai, as documented in the Digital domain audit; original source citations not included in the audit excerpt available for this dossier. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  33. Nord Security–CrowdStrike partnership announcement, as documented in the Digital domain audit; original source citations not included in the audit excerpt available for this dossier. ↩ ↩2 ↩3

  34. https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2025/09/un-human-rights-office-updates-database-businesses-involved-israeli ↩

  35. https://nordvpn.org/nonprofit/ ↩ ↩2

  36. https://nordvpn.com/blog/2025-wrapped-nordvpn-nonprofits/ ↩ ↩2

  37. https://www.whoprofits.org/companies/company/3798 ↩

  38. https://www.opensanctions.org/datasets/ps_ohchr_settlement/ ↩

  39. https://www.ohchr.org/en/documents/country-reports/ahrc5923-economy-occupation-economy-genocide-report-special-rapporteur ↩

  40. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/hrbodies/hrcouncil/sessions-regular/session59/advance-version/a-hrc-59-23-aev.pdf ↩

  41. https://www.anarchyweb.org/en/the-link-between-nordvpn-and-israel-investigating-a-ongoing-controversy/ ↩

  42. Tesonet’s undisclosed Israel-headquartered portfolio investments, as documented in the Digital domain audit; original source citations not included in the audit excerpt available for this dossier. ↩ ↩2

  43. Startup Nation Central investor database characterization of Warburg Pincus as inactive in new Israeli investments since 2022, as documented in the Economic domain audit; original source citations not included in the audit excerpt available for this dossier. ↩ ↩2

  44. PAX report, “The Companies Arming Israel and Their Financiers” (2024), as documented in the Economic domain audit; original source citations not included in the audit excerpt available for this dossier. ↩

  45. https://nordvpn.com/servers/israel/telaviv/ ↩

  46. https://1792exchange.com/corporate-bias-ratings/company/nord-security-nordvpn ↩

  47. https://www.accessnow.org/publication/palestine-unplugged/ ↩ ↩2

  48. https://blog.cloudflare.com/internet-traffic-patterns-in-israel-and-palestine-following-the-october-2023-attacks/ ↩ ↩2

  49. https://pulse.internetsociety.org/en/shutdowns/internet-disconnected-in-gaza/ ↩ ↩2